中国纪实文学研究会会员、陕西省翻译协会会员,中学教师。《中国报告文学》《中国新闻周刊》《读书网》等多家纸质和网络媒体的特约、驻站作家、记者、独家撰稿人,大学本科学历。曾以胡雪、常炜、阿言等笔名在《西安晚报》《华商报》《宝鸡日报》《中国报告文学》《参花》《北方诗刊》《中国教师报》等纸质媒体《新华网》《中国报告文学网》《中国校园文学网》《中国新闻周刊网》《中国作家网》等网络媒体发表新闻报道、中长短篇小说、散文等数百万字。著有长篇小说《沉陷的漩涡》、散文集《花开的季节》等,散文作品收编《扶风作家散文选》等。
法门高中英语组 王青
一． 本单元新课标要求掌握的词汇
differ exact twin commercial straightforward undertak breakthrough procedure carrier altogether arbitrary correction object objection medium obtain attain moral conservative forbid accumulate constitution compulsory opera chorus loaf flour owe shortly retire bother assumption regulation intial resist drawback merely decoration unable feather turkey claw adore hatch reasonable
二.重点短语
1. pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 2. cast down 沮丧；不愉快 3. the media 大众传播媒体（如电视、报纸等） 4. in favour of 赞成；支持 5. side road 旁路；支线；岔道（<美> sidewalk）
6. (be) bound to (do)… 一定或注定（做）…… 7. strike… into one’s heart 使……刻苦铭心 8. from time to time 不时；偶尔 9. bring back to life 使复生；使复活 10. in vain 白费力气；枉费心机 11. in good (poor) condition （情）状况很好（坏）；
三．词汇突破
1. differ vi. 不同;差异
(1) differ from 不同于 differ in… 在……上不同；对……持不同看法 differ with/from… on/about…在……上和……不一致differ greatly/widely 相差不大
eg. His views differ greatly from those of his parents.他的观点与父母的观点差别很大。
The twins look alike, but they differ widely in their tastes.这双胞胎看上去相似，但爱好大相径庭。
(2) be different from 与……不同
eg. My opinion is quite different from yours.我的观点与你的不同。
(3) make a difference 有意义，有影响
eg. It doesn’t make any difference to me whether you go or stay.你去还是留对我没有什么影响。
2. object vi. 不赞成；反对 n. 物体；目标
(1) object to sb./sth 不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 object that… 反对
(2) objection n. 反对；极不情愿；反对理由；缺陷；缺点eg. We objected to leaving in such a hurry.我们反对这样匆忙地离开。
The students objected to being treated like children.学生们反对像对待孩子似地对待他们。
(3) Do you have any objection to my opening the window?你反对我打开窗子吗？
3. forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；反对
forbid sb. To do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid that… 禁止……（从句中常用should+动词原形） forbid sb. from doing 禁止某人做……
eg. The law forbids smoking in public buildings.
法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。
Her father forbade her to go out alone.他父亲不许她单独外出。
My father forbade me to watch TV, which made me unhapy.我父亲禁止我看电视，这使我不高兴。
4. owe vt. 欠（钱，物，债等）；应当给予
（1） owe sb. sth. 或owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
owe…to… 把……归功于……
owe it to sb. that… 对亏某人帮忙
(2) owing to=because of “因为，由于”，后接名词，代词，动名词作宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。
eg. Don’t forget you still owe 150 yuan to the wine shop.别忘了，你还欠酒店150元钱呢？
He owes his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。
If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.对亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。
Owing to the rain, they could not come.由于下雨，他们不能来了。
5. in favour of 支持；赞成
do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙
in favour with sb. 受某人支持
in sb.’s favour 对某人有利的（地）
out of favour 失宠的；不流行的
owe sb. a favour 欠某人情
eg. Are you in favour of te plan or against it?你赞成这项计划还是反对？
She’s not in favour with the media just now.目前她没有媒体的支持。
The exchange rate is in our favour at ehe moment.目前汇率对我们有利。
Coud you do me afavour to pick up Sam from school today?今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？
6. pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；还清
pay money for sth.付钱买…… pay for sth.买……
pay back还钱，报复 pay out付出大笔款项；放松 pay up付清欠款
eg. It took them three years to pay off their debts.他们用了三年才还清了债务。
John studied hard before the examination, and it paid off.约翰考试前学习很刻苦，这得到了回报。
If you don’t work now, you’ll pay for it late when you fail your exam.你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就得为此而付出代价。
He must have paid $50 out on repairing that house this momth.他这个月一定已经付了50美元来修理这所房子。
He paid me back by not coming. 他以不来的方式报复了我。
7. bring…back to life使恢复，使苏醒，使生动，back可省略
come to life复活，复苏 bring bacd to health使……恢复健康
eg. They did all they could to bring him (back) to life.他们尽一切努力以使他苏醒。
A great actor bring a character to life.一个伟大的演员能让角色生动起来。
Only by hard work can we bring our hometown back to life.只有通过辛勤劳动，我们才能使城镇恢复生机。
When the man came to life again, he found himself in a hospital bed.那人苏醒过来后发现躺在了医院的病床上。
The city comes to life at night.夜晚这座城市生机勃勃。
Her stay in the mountains has brought her bacd to health. 在山上逗留使她恢复了健康。
四.句型突破
Then came the disturbing news that Dooy had become seriously ill.接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。
(1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如 here,there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall 等置于句首时，句子倒装。
① Look, here comes the bus. 看，公共汽车来了。
② Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。
③ There goes the bell. 铃响了。
(2)本句中的news 与that Dolly had become seriously ill 是同位语关系。一个名词或代词后面有时可接一个单词、短语或从句，对前者做进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁或是什么，这就是同位语。
① We heard of the news that our team had won. 我们听说了我们队赢了这一消息。
② We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money. 我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。
即境活用
（1）（2007 年高考上海卷）----How was the televised debate last night?
-----Super! Rarely _______ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
(2)(2007 年高考安徽卷) Little ______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
(3) In the dark forests _____ , some large enough to hold several English towns.
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
(4) Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
五．语法突破
本单元主要复习了高一所学的名词性从句中的同位语从句。关于同位语从句的学习中我们应当注意的是其与定语从句的区别。
We have heard the news that a new English teacher will teach us. 我们已经听到了这个消息，一位新英语老师要来教我们。
I have got the news when the new film will be on show. 我已经得知新电影何时上映的消息。
I had no expectation that he would ever write again. 我没有期望他会再写信来。
He asked the question whether this material can stand high temperature. 他问了这种材料是否能耐高温这一问题。
The child’s question, why the sky is blue, is difficult to answer. 这孩子问为什么天是蓝的，这令人很难回答。
【注意】
（1）同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
①引导同位语从句的that是从属连词，只起连接作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不能省略；引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在句中充当某种成分，而且常常可被who, which取代，这说明两种从句的语法结构明显不同。在口语中that 作宾语时，可以省略。Eg.The fact (that) we talked about is very important.(定语从句)我们谈到的事实非常重要。
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment please everybody.(同位语从句)他们在实验中成功了，这个事实让所有人都很高兴。
②引导定语从句的when, where, why, how 是关系副词，不但在句中充当成分还有与其含义相当的先行词而引导同位语从句的when, where, why, how是连接副词，虽可以在从句中充当成分，但没有写之含义相当的先行词。Eg: I’ll ever forget the days when were together.(定语从句，先行词days与关系副词when构成含义上相当的搭配关系)我将永远也忘不了我们在一起的日子。
I have no idea when he will be back.(同位语从句，idea与连接副词when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)我不知道他将什么时候回来。
(2) 如果同位语从句的意义清楚、结构完整，一般要用that 来引导同位语从句；否则就要根据句意的表达需要选用不同的 whether/when/where/how/why/who/which/what等引导词。
Eg: We haven’t known the decision whether the sorts meeting will be held on time.我们尚且不知道运动会是否会如期举行的决定。
I have no impression how he set off for home, perhaps by bike.他是怎么回家的，我没有印象，或许是骑自行车吧。
六．链接高考:
1.-----Is there any possibility ____ you could pick me up at the airport?
-----No problem. (浙江 2009)
A.when B.that C. whether D. what
2. We should consider the Ss’ request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science.(重庆 2009)
A.that B.when C.which D. where
3. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (江西 2009)
A.what B.which C.that D.though
4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently. (福建2009)
A.that B.when C. which D. where
5. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea _____the party is to be held? (陕西 2008)
A.what B.which C.that D.where
6. The news _______ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper. (上海 2008春)
A.which B. whether C.what D. that
七．晨背佳作
What Can We Do for Our school?
Hello, everyone. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for our school, and I think each of us can do something.
The first thing we can do is make our campus more beautiful. Every one of us may plant a tree in the schoo, or organize a thorough cleaning on the campus. We can also form a good habit of putting the rubbish in the trash can.
The second thing we can do is to protect the facilities in our school. When we leave the classroom, we should never forget to turn off the light or close the door. We should not leave the tap water running or waste any materials in the laboratory class.
If everyone does one thing for our school, I believe we will turn our school into a better place to study and live in.
Thank you for listening!
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